rec() recodes values of variables, where variable
selection is based on variable names or column position, or on
select helpers (see documentation on ...). rec_if() is a
scoped variant of rec(), where recoding will be applied only
to those variables that match the logical condition of predicate.
rec(
x,
...,
rec,
as.num = TRUE,
var.label = NULL,
val.labels = NULL,
append = TRUE,
suffix = "_r",
to.factor = !as.num
)
rec_if(
x,
predicate,
rec,
as.num = TRUE,
var.label = NULL,
val.labels = NULL,
append = TRUE,
suffix = "_r",
to.factor = !as.num
)A vector or data frame.
Optional, unquoted names of variables that should be selected for
further processing. Required, if x is a data frame (and no
vector) and only selected variables from x should be processed.
You may also use functions like : or tidyselect's
select-helpers.
See 'Examples' or package-vignette.
String with recode pairs of old and new values. See 'Details'
for examples. rec_pattern is a convenient function to
create recode strings for grouping variables.
Logical, if TRUE, return value will be numeric, not a factor.
Optional string, to set variable label attribute for the
returned variable (see vignette Labelled Data and the sjlabelled-Package).
If NULL (default), variable label attribute of x will
be used (if present). If empty, variable label attributes will be removed.
Optional character vector, to set value label attributes
of recoded variable (see vignette Labelled Data and the sjlabelled-Package).
If NULL (default), no value labels will be set. Value labels
can also be directly defined in the rec-syntax, see
'Details'.
Logical, if TRUE (the default) and x is a data frame,
x including the new variables as additional columns is returned;
if FALSE, only the new variables are returned.
String value, will be appended to variable (column) names of
x, if x is a data frame. If x is not a data
frame, this argument will be ignored. The default value to suffix
column names in a data frame depends on the function call:
recoded variables (rec()) will be suffixed with "_r"
recoded variables (recode_to()) will be suffixed with "_r0"
dichotomized variables (dicho()) will be suffixed with "_d"
grouped variables (split_var()) will be suffixed with "_g"
grouped variables (group_var()) will be suffixed with "_gr"
standardized variables (std()) will be suffixed with "_z"
centered variables (center()) will be suffixed with "_c"
If suffix = "" and append = TRUE, existing variables that
have been recoded/transformed will be overwritten.
Logical, alias for as.num. If TRUE, return value
will be a factor, not numeric.
A predicate function to be applied to the columns. The
variables for which predicate returns TRUE are selected.
x with recoded categories. If x is a data frame,
for append = TRUE, x including the recoded variables
as new columns is returned; if append = FALSE, only
the recoded variables will be returned. If append = TRUE and
suffix = "", recoded variables will replace (overwrite) existing
variables.
The rec string has following syntax:
each recode pair has to be separated by a ;, e.g. rec = "1=1; 2=4; 3=2; 4=3"
multiple old values that should be recoded into a new single value may be separated with comma, e.g. "1,2=1; 3,4=2"
a value range is indicated by a colon, e.g. "1:4=1; 5:8=2" (recodes all values from 1 to 4 into 1, and from 5 to 8 into 2)
for double vectors (with fractional part), all values within the specified range are recoded; e.g. 1:2.5=1;2.6:3=2 recodes 1 to 2.5 into 1 and 2.6 to 3 into 2, but 2.55 would not be recoded (since it's not included in any of the specified ranges)
"min" and "max"minimum and maximum values are indicates by min (or lo) and max (or hi), e.g. "min:4=1; 5:max=2" (recodes all values from minimum values of x to 4 into 1, and from 5 to maximum values of x into 2)
"else"all other values, which have not been specified yet, are indicated by else, e.g. "3=1; 1=2; else=3" (recodes 3 into 1, 1 into 2 and all other values into 3)
"copy"the "else"-token can be combined with copy, indicating that all remaining, not yet recoded values should stay the same (are copied from the original value), e.g. "3=1; 1=2; else=copy" (recodes 3 into 1, 1 into 2 and all other values like 2, 4 or 5 etc. will not be recoded, but copied, see 'Examples')
NA'sNA values are allowed both as old and new value, e.g. "NA=1; 3:5=NA" (recodes all NA into 1, and all values from 3 to 5 into NA in the new variable)
"rev""rev" is a special token that reverses the value order (see 'Examples')
value labels for new values can be assigned inside the recode pattern by writing the value label in square brackets after defining the new value in a recode pair, e.g. "15:30=1 [young aged]; 31:55=2 [middle aged]; 56:max=3 [old aged]". See 'Examples'.
Please note following behaviours of the function:
the "else"-token should always be the last argument in the rec-string.
Non-matching values will be set to NA, unless captured by the "else"-token.
Tagged NA values (see tagged_na) and their value labels will be preserved when copying NA values to the recoded vector with "else=copy".
Variable label attributes (see, for instance, get_label) are preserved (unless changed via var.label-argument), however, value label attributes are removed (except for "rev", where present value labels will be automatically reversed as well). Use val.labels-argument to add labels for recoded values.
If x is a data frame, all variables should have the same categories resp. value range (else, see second bullet, NAs are produced).
set_na for setting NA values, replace_na
to replace NA's with specific value, recode_to
for re-shifting value ranges and ref_lvl to change the
reference level of (numeric) factors.
data(efc)
table(efc$e42dep, useNA = "always")
#>
#> 1 2 3 4 <NA>
#> 66 225 306 304 7
# replace NA with 5
table(rec(efc$e42dep, rec = "1=1;2=2;3=3;4=4;NA=5"), useNA = "always")
#>
#> 1 2 3 4 5 <NA>
#> 66 225 306 304 7 0
# recode 1 to 2 into 1 and 3 to 4 into 2
table(rec(efc$e42dep, rec = "1,2=1; 3,4=2"), useNA = "always")
#>
#> 1 2 <NA>
#> 291 610 7
# keep value labels. variable label is automatically preserved
library(dplyr)
efc %>%
select(e42dep) %>%
rec(rec = "1,2=1; 3,4=2",
val.labels = c("low dependency", "high dependency")) %>%
frq()
#> elder's dependency (e42dep) <numeric>
#> # total N=908 valid N=901 mean=2.94 sd=0.94
#>
#> Value | Label | N | Raw % | Valid % | Cum. %
#> -------------------------------------------------------------
#> 1 | independent | 66 | 7.27 | 7.33 | 7.33
#> 2 | slightly dependent | 225 | 24.78 | 24.97 | 32.30
#> 3 | moderately dependent | 306 | 33.70 | 33.96 | 66.26
#> 4 | severely dependent | 304 | 33.48 | 33.74 | 100.00
#> <NA> | <NA> | 7 | 0.77 | <NA> | <NA>
#>
#> elder's dependency (e42dep_r) <numeric>
#> # total N=908 valid N=901 mean=1.68 sd=0.47
#>
#> Value | Label | N | Raw % | Valid % | Cum. %
#> --------------------------------------------------------
#> 1 | low dependency | 291 | 32.05 | 32.30 | 32.30
#> 2 | high dependency | 610 | 67.18 | 67.70 | 100.00
#> <NA> | <NA> | 7 | 0.77 | <NA> | <NA>
# works with mutate
efc %>%
select(e42dep, e17age) %>%
mutate(dependency_rev = rec(e42dep, rec = "rev")) %>%
head()
#> e42dep e17age dependency_rev
#> 1 3 83 2
#> 2 3 88 2
#> 3 3 82 2
#> 4 4 67 1
#> 5 4 84 1
#> 6 4 85 1
# recode 1 to 3 into 1 and 4 into 2
table(rec(efc$e42dep, rec = "min:3=1; 4=2"), useNA = "always")
#>
#> 1 2 <NA>
#> 597 304 7
# recode 2 to 1 and all others into 2
table(rec(efc$e42dep, rec = "2=1; else=2"), useNA = "always")
#>
#> 1 2 <NA>
#> 225 676 7
# reverse value order
table(rec(efc$e42dep, rec = "rev"), useNA = "always")
#>
#> 1 2 3 4 <NA>
#> 304 306 225 66 7
# recode only selected values, copy remaining
table(efc$e15relat)
#>
#> 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
#> 171 473 29 85 23 22 6 92
table(rec(efc$e15relat, rec = "1,2,4=1; else=copy"))
#>
#> 1 3 5 6 7 8
#> 729 29 23 22 6 92
# recode variables with same category in a data frame
head(efc[, 6:9])
#> c82cop1 c83cop2 c84cop3 c85cop4
#> 1 3 2 2 2
#> 2 3 3 3 3
#> 3 2 2 1 4
#> 4 4 1 3 1
#> 5 3 2 1 2
#> 6 2 2 3 3
head(rec(efc[, 6:9], rec = "1=10;2=20;3=30;4=40"))
#> c82cop1 c83cop2 c84cop3 c85cop4 c82cop1_r c83cop2_r c84cop3_r c85cop4_r
#> 1 3 2 2 2 30 20 20 20
#> 2 3 3 3 3 30 30 30 30
#> 3 2 2 1 4 20 20 10 40
#> 4 4 1 3 1 40 10 30 10
#> 5 3 2 1 2 30 20 10 20
#> 6 2 2 3 3 20 20 30 30
# recode multiple variables and set value labels via recode-syntax
dummy <- rec(
efc, c160age, e17age,
rec = "15:30=1 [young]; 31:55=2 [middle]; 56:max=3 [old]",
append = FALSE
)
frq(dummy)
#> carer' age (c160age_r) <numeric>
#> # total N=908 valid N=901 mean=2.40 sd=0.59
#>
#> Value | Label | N | Raw % | Valid % | Cum. %
#> -----------------------------------------------
#> 1 | young | 48 | 5.29 | 5.33 | 5.33
#> 2 | middle | 442 | 48.68 | 49.06 | 54.38
#> 3 | old | 411 | 45.26 | 45.62 | 100.00
#> <NA> | <NA> | 7 | 0.77 | <NA> | <NA>
#>
#> elder' age (e17age_r) <numeric>
#> # total N=908 valid N=891 mean=3.00 sd=0.00
#>
#> Value | Label | N | Raw % | Valid % | Cum. %
#> -----------------------------------------------
#> 1 | young | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0
#> 2 | middle | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0
#> 3 | old | 891 | 98.13 | 100 | 100
#> <NA> | <NA> | 17 | 1.87 | <NA> | <NA>
# recode variables with same value-range
lapply(
rec(
efc, c82cop1, c83cop2, c84cop3,
rec = "1,2=1; NA=9; else=copy",
append = FALSE
),
table,
useNA = "always"
)
#> $c82cop1_r
#>
#> 1 3 4 9 <NA>
#> 100 591 210 7 0
#>
#> $c83cop2_r
#>
#> 1 3 4 9 <NA>
#> 733 130 39 6 0
#>
#> $c84cop3_r
#>
#> 1 3 4 9 <NA>
#> 768 82 52 6 0
#>
# recode character vector
dummy <- c("M", "F", "F", "X")
rec(dummy, rec = "M=Male; F=Female; X=Refused")
#> [1] "Male" "Female" "Female" "Refused"
# recode numeric to character
rec(efc$e42dep, rec = "1=first;2=2nd;3=third;else=hi") %>% head()
#> [1] "third" "third" "third" "hi" "hi" "hi"
# recode non-numeric factors
data(iris)
table(rec(iris, Species, rec = "setosa=huhu; else=copy", append = FALSE))
#> Species_r
#> huhu versicolor virginica
#> 50 50 50
# recode floating points
table(rec(
iris, Sepal.Length, rec = "lo:5=1;5.01:6.5=2;6.501:max=3", append = FALSE
))
#> Sepal.Length_r
#> 1 2 3
#> 32 88 30
# preserve tagged NAs
if (require("haven")) {
x <- labelled(c(1:3, tagged_na("a", "c", "z"), 4:1),
c("Agreement" = 1, "Disagreement" = 4, "First" = tagged_na("c"),
"Refused" = tagged_na("a"), "Not home" = tagged_na("z")))
# get current value labels
x
# recode 2 into 5; Values of tagged NAs are preserved
rec(x, rec = "2=5;else=copy")
}
#> [1] 1 5 3 NA NA NA 4 3 5 1
#> attr(,"labels")
#> 1 4 First Refused Not home
#> "Agreement" "Disagreement" NA NA NA
# use select-helpers from dplyr-package
out <- rec(
efc, contains("cop"), c161sex:c175empl,
rec = "0,1=0; else=1",
append = FALSE
)
head(out)
#> c82cop1_r c83cop2_r c84cop3_r c85cop4_r c86cop5_r c87cop6_r c88cop7_r
#> 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1
#> 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1
#> 3 1 1 0 1 0 0 0
#> 4 1 0 1 0 0 0 0
#> 5 1 1 0 1 1 1 0
#> 6 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
#> c89cop8_r c90cop9_r c161sex_r c172code_r c175empl_r
#> 1 1 1 1 1 0
#> 2 1 1 1 1 0
#> 3 1 1 0 0 0
#> 4 1 1 0 1 0
#> 5 1 1 1 1 0
#> 6 0 0 0 1 0
# recode only variables that have a value range from 1-4
p <- function(x) min(x, na.rm = TRUE) > 0 && max(x, na.rm = TRUE) < 5
out <- rec_if(efc, predicate = p, rec = "1:3=1;4=2;else=copy")
head(out)
#> c12hour e15relat e16sex e17age e42dep c82cop1 c83cop2 c84cop3 c85cop4 c86cop5
#> 1 16 2 2 83 3 3 2 2 2 1
#> 2 148 2 2 88 3 3 3 3 3 4
#> 3 70 1 2 82 3 2 2 1 4 1
#> 4 168 1 2 67 4 4 1 3 1 1
#> 5 168 2 2 84 4 3 2 1 2 2
#> 6 16 2 2 85 4 2 2 3 3 3
#> c87cop6 c88cop7 c89cop8 c90cop9 c160age c161sex c172code c175empl barthtot
#> 1 1 2 3 3 56 2 2 1 75
#> 2 1 3 2 2 54 2 2 1 75
#> 3 1 1 4 3 80 1 1 0 35
#> 4 1 1 2 4 69 1 2 0 0
#> 5 2 1 4 4 47 2 2 0 25
#> 6 2 2 1 1 56 1 2 1 60
#> neg_c_7 pos_v_4 quol_5 resttotn tot_sc_e n4pstu nur_pst e16sex_r e42dep_r
#> 1 12 12 14 0 4 0 NA 1 1
#> 2 20 11 10 4 0 0 NA 1 1
#> 3 11 13 7 0 1 2 2 1 1
#> 4 10 15 12 2 0 3 3 1 2
#> 5 12 15 19 2 1 2 2 1 2
#> 6 19 9 8 1 3 2 2 1 2
#> c82cop1_r c83cop2_r c84cop3_r c85cop4_r c86cop5_r c87cop6_r c88cop7_r
#> 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
#> 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1
#> 3 1 1 1 2 1 1 1
#> 4 2 1 1 1 1 1 1
#> 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
#> 6 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
#> c89cop8_r c90cop9_r c161sex_r c172code_r nur_pst_r
#> 1 1 1 1 1 NA
#> 2 1 1 1 1 NA
#> 3 2 1 1 1 1
#> 4 1 2 1 1 1
#> 5 2 2 1 1 1
#> 6 1 1 1 1 1